std::array::back
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| reference back(); | (until C++17) | |
| constexpr reference back(); | (since C++17) | |
| const_reference back() const; | (until C++14) | |
| constexpr const_reference back() const; | (since C++14) | |
Returns reference to the last element in the container.
Calling back on an empty container is undefined.
| Contents | 
[edit] Parameters
(none)
[edit] Return value
Reference to the last element.
[edit] Complexity
Constant.
[edit] Notes
For a container c, the expression return c.back(); is equivalent to { auto tmp = c.end(); --tmp; return *tmp; }
[edit] Example
 The following code uses back to display the last element of a std::array<char>:
 
Run this code
#include <array> #include <iostream> int main() { std::array<char, 6> letters {'o', 'm', 'g', 'w', 't', 'f'}; if (!letters.empty()) { std::cout << "The last character is: " << letters.back() << '\n'; } }
Output:
The last character is f
[edit] See also
| access the first element (public member function) | 


